| ID Semântico: |
marcilio:reforma-ministerial |
| Classe: |
Direito Comparado |
| Nível Técnico: |
Profissional
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| Origem do Termo: |
Inglês |
| Áreas de Foco: |
Direito Internacional, Direito Comparado, Inglês Jurídico |
| Jurisdição: |
EUA/Brasil |
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Significado Prático
- reforma ministerial = #cabinet reshuffle; #cabinet\nshuffle; ministerial reshuffle.\n__\n\nLocke v. Davey, 540 U.S. 712 (2004),\nHolding:\n• A Washington publicly funded scholarship\nprogram (programa público de bolsas\nestudantis)\n• which excluded students pursuing a "degree\nin theology"\n• does not violate the Free Exercise Clause.\n____\n\nHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and\nSchool v. Equal Employment Opportunity\nCommission, 565 U.S. 171 (2012),\nHolding:\n• The Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses\nof the First Amendment\n• #bar suits (#veda ações) brought on\nbehalf of ministers against their\nchurches\n\n• claiming termination in violation of\nemployment discrimination laws.\n___\n\nTrinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer,\n582 U.S. ___ (2017)\n• was a case in which the Supreme Court of\nthe United States\n• held that a Missouri program that denied a\n#grant (#subvenção; #auxílio; #doação)\n• to a religious school for playground\nresurfacing,\n• while providing grants to similarly situated\nnon-religious groups,\n• violated the freedom of religion\n(#liberdade religiosa) guaranteed by the\n• #Free Exercise Clause (= Exercise\nClause; Cláusula de Liberdade\nReligiosa).\n• of the First Amendment to the United States\nConstitution.\n\nThe Free Exercise Clause accompanies the\nEstablishment Clause of the First Amendment to\nthe United States Constitution.\nThe Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise\nClause together read:\n• “Congress shall make no law\n• respecting an establishment of religion,\n• or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...\n__\n\nTown of Greece v. Galloway (2014)\nHolding:\n• The town of Greece does not violate the\nFirst Amendment's Establishment Clause\n• by opening its meetings with sectarian\nprayer\n• that comports with America's tradition and\n• doesn't coerce participation by\nnonadherents.\n\n• The judgment of the Second Circuit is\nreversed (reformado).\n\nAmerican Legion v. American Humanist Association,\nNo. 17-1717, 588 U.S. ___ (2019),\nHolding:\n• Though a symbol of Christianity,\n• the cross on public land does not violate the\n#establishment clause (cláusula que veda o\nestabelecimento de religião oficial do\nEstado) of the First Amendment\n• due to its historical value as a war memorial\n• that has stood for nearly 100 years.\n___\n\nRobinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962),\n• is the first landmark decision of the United\nStates Supreme Court\n• in which the Eighth Amendment of the\nConstitution\n• was interpreted to prohibit criminalization\n(tipificação) of particular acts or conduct,\n• as contrasted with prohibiting the use of a\nparticular form of punishment for a crime.\n• In Robinson, the Court struck down\n(declarou inconstitucional) a California law\n• that criminalized being addicted to\nnarcotics.\nHolding:\n• Punishing a person for a medical condition\n• is a violation of the Eighth Amendment\n• ban on cruel and unusual punishment\n(proibição de penas cruéis e não usuais).\n___\n\nSchriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S. 348 (2004),\nHolding:\n• Ring v. Arizona does not apply retroactively\n• to cases already final on direct review.\n__\n\n\nRing v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002).\nHolding:\n• Allowing sentencing judge,\n• without jury,\n• to find aggravating circumstance necessary\nfor imposition of death penalty\n• held to violate right to jury trial\n• under Federal Constitution's Sixth\nAmendment.\n__\n\n#Sixth Amendment (Bill of Rights).\n• In all criminal prosecutions (ações penais),\n• the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy\nand public trial (julgamento com duração\nrazoável),\n• by an impartial jury of the state and district\nwherein the crime shall have been\ncommitted (competência territorial do local\ndo crime),\n• which district shall have been previously\nascertained by law (juiz natural),\n• and to be informed of the nature and cause\nof the accusation (denúncia clara e objetiva);\n• to be confronted with the witnesses against\nhim; → conhecer (frente a frente) as\ntestemunhas de acusação\n• to have compulsory process for obtaining\nwitnesses in his favor (condução coercitiva\nde testemunhas em seu favor),\n• and to have the assistance of counsel for his\ndefense.\n__\n\n• The legislature appropriated funds for the\nprogram → O legislativo fez uma dotação\norçamentária para o programa.\n• legislature → pronúncia: LÉjəsleitchər.\n__\n
Simplificação de Linguagem (Lei 15.263/2025)
Abaixo, a comparação prática de aplicação do termo sob a ótica do acesso à justiça:
| Redação Formal (Juridiquês)
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Redação Cidadã (Linguagem Simples)
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| "O correspondente para o termo 'reforma ministerial' em processos transnacionais..."
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"#reforma ministerial = #cabinet reshuffle; #cabinet..."
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Detalhes Classificatórios
- Áreas do Direito associadas: Direito Internacional, Direito Comparado, Inglês Jurídico
- Classe Terminológica: Direito Comparado
- Natureza Jurídica: Termo e Conceito Estrangeiro
- Nível Técnico sugerido: Profissional
Aspectos Linguísticos
- Idioma originário: Inglês
- Etimologia: Origem da linguagem jurídica norte-americana / direito comparado.
- Pronúncia ou leitura recomendada: reforma ministerial
Referência Bibliográfica
- Dicionário Marcílio Atualizado Constantemente (2024)
