Command economy

   command economy

ID Semântico:	marcilio:command-economy
Classe:	Direito Comparado
Nível Técnico:	Profissional
Origem do Termo:	Inglês
Áreas de Foco:	Direito Internacional, Direito Comparado, Inglês Jurídico
Jurisdição:	EUA/Brasil

Progresso do texto
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Significado Prático

1. command economy = #economia de comando\nhttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/co\nmmand-economy.asp:\n\n• …while China maintained a command\neconomy for decades before\ntransitioning to a #mixed economy\n(#economia mista) that features both\ncommunistic and capitalistic elements.\n• KEY TAKEAWAYS\n• A command economy is when\ngovernment #central planners\n(#planejador central) own or control the\n#means of production (#meios de\nprodução), and determine the\ndistribution of #output (#produção).\n• Command economies suffer from\nproblems with poor incentives for\nplanners, managers, and workers in\n#state-owned enterprises (#empresa\nestatal; #estatal).\n• Central planners in a command economy\nare unable to rationally determine the\nmethods, quantities, proportions,\nlocation, and timing of economic activity\nacross an economy without private\nproperty or the operation of supply and\ndemand.\n• Proponents of command economies\nargue that they are better for achieving\nfair distribution and social welfare over\nprivate profit.\n• With economic power consolidated in\nthe hands of government planners and\nin the near or total absence of markets\nto communicate prices and coordinate\neconomic activity, command economies\nface two major problems in efficiently\nplanning the economy. First is the\n\nincentive problem, and second is the\neconomic calculation or knowledge\nproblem.\n• The incentive problem works in a few\nways. For one, central planners and\nother policy makers in a command\neconomy are all too human. Public\nChoice economists starting with James\nBuchanan have described the many ways\nin which state officials making decisions\nin their own interest can impose social\ncosts and deadweight losses, which are\nclearly harmful to the national interest.\nPolitical interest groups and the power\nstruggles between them over resources\nwill tend to dominate policy making in a\ncommand economy even more so than\nin mixed or mostly capitalist economies\nbecause they are not constrained by\nmarket-based forms of discipline such\nas sovereign credit ratings or capital\nflight, so these harmful effects can be\ngreatly increased.\n• Problems with incentives in a command\neconomy also extend well beyond the\ncentral planners themselves. Because\npay and wages are also centrally\nplanned, and profits are attenuated or\neliminated entirely from any role in\ndriving economic decisions, the\nmanagers and workers of state-run\nenterprises have little or no incentive to\ndrive efficiency, control costs, or\ncontribute effort beyond the minimum\nrequired to avoid official sanction and\n\nsecure their own place in the centrally\nplanned hierarchy.\n• Essentially, the command economy can\ndramatically expand #principal-agent\nproblems (#problema do principal-agent)\namong workers, managers, producers,\nand consumers. As a result, getting\nahead in a command economy means\npleasing the party bosses and having the\nright connections, rather than\nmaximizing shareholder value or\nmeeting consumer demands, so\ncorruption tends to be pervasive.\n____________________\n\n\n• #principal-agent problem;\n• #agency theory;\n• #agency problem\n=\n• #problema do principal-agent;\n• #problema de agência;\n• #problema da agência\n• #conflito de agência;\n• #teoria do agente-principal;\n• #teoria da agência.\n\n• #agency dilemma = #dilema da\nagência\n\nTags #agente #agência\n\n•\nhttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problema_do_principal\n-agente\n•\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%E2%80%93a\ngent_problem\n•\nhttps://gestaodesegurancaprivada.com.br/teoria-do-\nagente-principal-na-governanca/\n•\nhttps://www.portal-gestao.com/artigos/6541-o-que-\n%C3%A9-o-conflito-de-ag%C3%AAncia.html\n•\nhttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal-\nagent-problem.asp\n•\nhttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/agencytheor\ny.asp\n•\nhttps://www.kbmanage.com/concept/agency-theory\n________________\n\n\n• #actus reus : conduta (criminosa)\n• #mens rea : intenção (criminosa)\n___________________\n\n• -or e -ee\n• #-or e #-ee\n• #or e #ee\n\n• -or denota devedor, sujeito passivo,\nparte que perde algo.\n• -ee denota credor, sujeito ativo,\nganhador.\n\nPor exemplo:\n\n• #grantor = outorgante (quem cedeu,\n'perdeu' algo)\n• #grantee = outorgado (quem ganhou a\noutorga).\n• O mesmo vale, por exemplo, para\no #obligor (devedor) X #obligee\n(credor).\no promissor (devedor da promessa) X\npromissee (credor da promessa).\n___________\n

Simplificação de Linguagem (Lei 15.263/2025)

Abaixo, a comparação prática de aplicação do termo sob a ótica do acesso à justiça:

Redação Formal (Juridiquês)	Redação Cidadã (Linguagem Simples)
"O correspondente para o termo 'command economy' em processos transnacionais..."	"#command economy = #economia de comando..."

Detalhes Classificatórios

• Áreas do Direito associadas: Direito Internacional, Direito Comparado, Inglês Jurídico
• Classe Terminológica: Direito Comparado
• Natureza Jurídica: Termo e Conceito Estrangeiro
• Nível Técnico sugerido: Profissional

Aspectos Linguísticos

• Idioma originário: Inglês
• Etimologia: Origem da linguagem jurídica norte-americana / direito comparado.
• Pronúncia ou leitura recomendada: command economy

Referência Bibliográfica

• Dicionário Marcílio Atualizado Constantemente (2024)